88slotdewa
http://managementstudies.org/ https://printargift.com
Gatotkaca
JKT48
Kopi Gayo
Juara Liga Bola Basket
Game HP yang Cocok untuk Anak-Anak
10 Game Ramah Anak Tahun 2024
Harpitnas
Muntaber
Hardiknas
Paspampres
Pakcoy
Harkitnas
Tangkuban Perahu
Sibolangit
Simarjarunjung
Sigura-gura
Simanindo
Padarincang
Cilawu
Cilengkrang
Kolektor
Pelukis
Pancoran
Kualitas
Jasmani
Cipanas
Eksklusif Inovatif
Xenia
Wamena
Parapat
Penatapan
Balige
Ciomas
https://aaatrucksandautowreckings.com
https://narentechnologies.com
https://youthlinkjamica.com
https://arbirate.com
https://playoutworlder.com
https://temeculabluegrass.com
https://eldesigners.com
https://cheklani.com
https://totodal.com
https://kmspicodownloads.com
https://apkcrave.com
https://bestcarinsurancewsa.com
https://complidia.com
https://eveningupdates.com
https://livingauberean.com
https://mcochacks.com
https://mostcreativeresumes.com
https://oxcarttavern.com
https://riceandshinebrunch.com
https://shoesknowledge.com
https://topthreenews.com
https://www.ardipura.jayapurakota.go.id
slot gacor
demo slot gacor hari ini
ACCSLOT88
accslot88
VIPBET76 VIPBET76 VIPBET76 OLXBET288 OLXBET288 TOTO SLOT SLOT GACOR Toto Slot Toto Slot Toto Slot gampang maxwin pakai pola ini
hasilkan jackpot mahjong wins 3
ini cara yang bagus mahjong ways 2
jackpot 100 juta mahjong ways
kebocoran maxwin bonanza xmas
maxwin beruntun di gates of olympus
memenangkan ratusan juta permainan starlight princess
modal receh menjadi ratusan juta
mudah mendapatkan jackpot mahjong wins 3
ramainya player maxwin gates of olympus baru main 20 menit mendapatkan maxwin
player asal indonesia dapat maxwin
pola ini dikasi maxwin starlight princess
pria asal jakarta ini mendapatkan maxwin
satu trik rahasia bawa pulang maxwin
kode rahasia maxwin mahjong wins 3
maxwin gates of olympus xmas bertubi tubi
player asal sulawesi utara terkena banjir scatter
pola gacor wisdom of athena1000
trik aktivasi maxwin gates of olympus bermain aman pakai cara ini
bermain dengan cara sebagai berikut ini
game kualitas gak main main
indeks kualitas game starlight princess
inikah game yang di maksud para member
ini triknya para pemain kasino besar
ini waktunya membagikan pola maxin sweet bonanza
kekayaan sudah di depan mata
terungkap pola yang sangat gacor mudah maxwin
yang mau maxwin cukup pakai cara ini banyak player mendapatkan cuan
basri menghasilkan banyak cuan
berhasil jackpot mahjong ways
cara lebih mudah menghasilkan banyak cuan
jackpot mahjong ways 2 dengan selangkah
kemenangan besar mahjong wins 3
player asal bandung menghasilkan ratusan juta
player asal jambi berhasil maxwin
pola ini maxwin sweet bonanza
pola ini mendapatkan 120 juta banyak para member se asia pakai pola ini
bisa di cek sebagai situs yang mudah
debut global situs terpercaya pragmatic play
gunakan trik andalan para suhu
ini pola yang viral di tik tok
pemerintah se asia umumkan mudah menang
situs ternama terkenal mudah hasilkan black scatter
ternyata sembunyi main starlight princess
jauh juga perjalanan ridho menang 219 juta
sejumlah warga solo berhasil menang hingga puluhan juta 9 permainan ini menjadi sultan
event jackpot mahjong ways 2
jackpot mahjong ways 3
jackpot mahjong wins 3 berturut
jackpot mahjong wins 3 modal kecil
makin mudah jackpot mahjong ways
mendapatkan jackpot mahjong wins 3
rangga maxwin gates of olympus1000
sering maxwin sweet bonanza1000
trik gacor gates of olympus 6 game paling gacor yang mudah jackpot besar
dapatkan banyak cuan hanya sebentar
hari gini masih cari situs mudah hasilkan jutaan
hasilkan 15 juta di ovobet288
lapak situs yang mudah hasilkan kemenangan besar
pola gacor mahjong ways 2
pola jackpot mahjong wins
sejarah dan makna game mahjong wins 2
tampang anak muda yang berhasil maxwin
trik gacor maxwin gates of gatotkaca 2 player asal jakarta raih jackpot
arya mendapatkan jackpot besar wild bandito
buka peluang semua player hasilkan puluhan juta
cetak sejarah semua member berhasil dengan cara ini
mudah hasilkan cuan besar di mahjong ways 3 cara mendapatkan jackpot mahjong ways
aripin berhasil dapatkan jackpot mahjong ways 2
ikuti trik dari sang dewa wild bounty
ini 7 trik yang membuat jadi sultan
player asal medan jackpot besar lucky neko adrian menghasilkan 550 juta
cara gacor ini mudah mendapatkan cuan
dugaan jackpot mahjong ways
hansen berhasil maxwin starlight princess
jackpot wahjong ways lebih mudah 7 pola mudah maxwin Starlight Princess di Joyslot88
jaminan maxwin 1000 Gates of Olympus di Joyslot88
jangan kaget dijamin dapatkan ratusan juta di Joyslot88
pemain baru dapatkan maxwin sebanyak-banyaknya
Starlight Princess perkalian anti rungkad bonus new member sudah jelas diatur ke dalam
duduk manis nikmatin scatter sedikit demi sedikit
Gates of Olympus modal receh hasilkan ratusan jutaan
ikutin alur dijamin maxwin dan akurat Mahjong Ways
ledakkan scatter anda di Joyslot88 auto maxwin
lewat Mahjong Wins pecahkan maxwin
Mahjong Wins 3 nikmatkan kemenangan besar
member baru dipastikan WD maksimal
serangan fajar memicu big win Joyslot88
tiada hari tanpa JP jalan ke Mahjong Ways begini cara ekfektif tanpa pola menangkan Mahjong Ways
Joker Jewels permainan ramah pemula
rekomendasi Google Ways of Qilin permainan favorit Gen Z
The Great Icescape game favorit Gen Z
waktunya raih cuan besar dengan modal kecil bencana banjir Maxwin JOYSLOT88 membuat getar dunia slot
dengan 15 spin gratis anda bisa dapatkan puluhan juta
rasa sensational yang begitu berkelas
rekomendasi slot dengan RTP tertinggi
waktu kecil takut petir ketika sudah besar ingin di petir 3 player ini memberi cara jackpot besar
dengan mudah hasilkan jackpot Mahjong Ways
keberuntungan besar dalam permainan Dragon Tiger Luck
mantan artis ini raup cuan miliaran
player asal Banten berhasil jackpot besar cek hoki-mu di Gates of Olympus JOYSLOT88
Mahjong Ways JOYSLOT88 mengandung banyak untung
makan Pop Mie sambil putar di JOYSLOT88
Ratu Firaun bakal memberikan bukti bukan janji
slot gacor berbagi cuan, silakan dicoba Gates of Olympus bisa depo hari ini
Mahjong sekali jackpot di angka jutaan rupiah
Mahjong Ways double jackpot, main 5 menit saja
Maxwin bukan mimpi, saatnya buktiin sendiri
Petir Olympus ready untuk menyambar Free spin dan bonus besar sudah jelas di JOYSLOT88
Keramaian orang dalam bermain di JOYSLOT88
Perjalananmu sudah mendekati maxwin JOYSLOT88
Slot rekomendasi yang paling gacor sudah pasti di Mahjong Wins 3
Tetap semangat dan tetap kaya dengan sisa saldo Berita Viral
Berita Viral
Berita Viral
Berita Viral
Berita Viral ayo berburu maxwin joyslot88 di the great icescape
joyslot88 siap membantu dan di jamin langsung wd
mahjong ways kepastian kemenangan di depan mata anda
pingin tahu tips dan pola bermain lucky neko
yakuza menjadi simbol pemberani joy cukup 20 putaran
joy gaskeun langsung selagi panas
kemenangan tanpa batas setiap harinya
modal 20ribu jackpot puluhan juta
pola resmi dari pg soft banyak pemain rasakan jackpot x1000
scatter hitam bukan khayalan semata
3 permainan mudah banjirkan jackpot
menang tanpa pola bukan lagi mitos
modal 20 ribu anda bisa rasakan kemenangan cepat coba pola gacor eksklusif di joyslot88 sekarang juga
hujan free spin tida henti di joyslot88
joyslot88 surga baru para pecinta slot online
langitkan keberuntunganmu bersama joyslot88
main slot tanpa drama cuma di joyslot88
malam jumat bukan cuma mistis tapi juga mistis maxwin
modal receh menang gede bukti nyata keberuntungan
rahasia pro player slot terbongkar
raih maxwin pertamamu di joyslot88
sekarang giliran kamu di joyslot88 banjir scatter mencapai 120 spin gratis
hasilkan cuan besar dengan pola ini
hasilkan maxwin dengan menggunakan trik sukses ini
ini cara rahasia maxwin gates of olympus
pemain sukses raih maxwin sweet bonanza1000 adrian raih maxwin di gates of olympus1000
cara ini mendapatkan maxwin starlight princess
nanda tunjukkan pola sukses maxwin
player ini tembus maxwin 187 juta
yazid dapat maxwin sweet bonanza1000 cara dapat 10 juta di ovobet288
cuan besar mahjong wins 3
maxwin gates of olympus1000
maxwin sweet bonanza1000 sangat mudah
starlight princess sedang gacor jackpot 905 juta mahjong wins 3
jackpot mahjong wins 2
mahjong ways beri jackpot
pola ini berhasil maxwin
pola ini bernilai miliaran cara mudah saat bermain sweet bonanza
mudahnya cara ini mendapat maxwin
penyebab sering terjadi maxwin
pola jackpot mahjong wins 3
sopir truk mendapatkan cuan besar hasilkan kemenangan besar ini hari
mahjong wins 3 berhasil dibongkar maxwin
meledak maxwin besar gates of olympus
starlight princess sedang berguncang gacor
sweet bonanza1000 mudah mendapatkan maxwin besar arya menjadi pemenang jackpot wild bandito
banyak pemain ketagihan jackpot mahjong ways
bongkar cara sukses menang besar di joyslot88
cara ini keberhasilan jackpot wild bounty
jackpot besar dari mahjong ways 2 https://journals.nubip.edu.ua/ berhasil mendapatkan ratusan juta
lebih cepat kemenangan besar dalam permainan mahjong
maxwin 891 juta di accslot88
miliaran dalam hitungan menit
player asal melayu maxwin 3 miliar baru kali ini berhasil dapat jackpot besar
petani asal kediri dapat maxwin
player ini menang tak terkendali
player mahjong ways 2 dapat jackpot terbesar
pria asal bekasi ini raup 300 juta bos tambang unggul maxwin miliran
cuan besar ada di ujung jari
maxwin 76 juta di gates of olympus
menangkan jackpot besar sekarang
raih jackpot scatter hitam jackpot-wild-bandito-dengan-cara-ini
mahjong-wins-3-sedang-gacor
maxwin-gates-of-olympus-xmas
pria-asal-medan-jackpot-mahjong-wins-3
trik-ini-jackpot-mahjong-ways-2
cara-ini-maxwin-starlight-princess
jackpot-mahjong-ways-2-dengan-modal-kecil
jackpot-mahjong-ways-sebesar-10-juta
modal-receh-menghasilkan-banyak-cuan
puluhan-juta-main-gates-of-olympus JakartaDailysNews 2 kali maxwin dalam 1 game
2 player dapatkan maxwin beruntun
pemain satu ini sangat beruntung
player asal jakbar maxwin starlight princess1000
player ini dapatkan dua kali maxwin JakartaDailysNews
JakartaDailysNews
JakartaDailysNews
JakartaDailysNews
JakartaDailysNews
What is Avascular Necrosis of the hip? | The Orthopaedic & Pain Practice

What is Avascular Necrosis of the hip?

  • Home
  • What is Avascular Necrosis of the hip?
Shape1
Shape2

What is avascular necrosis?

Avascular necrosis (AVN), or osteonecrosis, is a disease that arises as a result of temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bone. More specifically, avascular necrosis of the hip arises when the blood supply to the head of the thigh bone (also known as the femur) is disrupted.

If the blood supply is cut off entirely, the bone tissues die and the bone collapses, leading to severe osteoarthritis. While this condition may happen in any bone in the body, it frequently happens in the hip.

Image is taken from https://en.wikipedia.org

This condition may affect anyone, but it is most commonly seen in people between the ages of 40 to 65. In addition, men have a greater chance of developing this condition than women.

While this condition is largely irreversible, early diagnosis can help to treat and slow down the development of avascular necrosis in the patient. Hence, if you suspect you or someone you know might have avascular necrosis, do seek medical attention immediately.

What causes avascular necrosis?

There are two main types of AVN, traumatic or atraumatic. Traumatic AVN refers to AVN caused by injuries to the blood vessels supplying the bone. Common injuries that can cause AVN are hip fractures and hip dislocations.

Atraumatic AVN refers to conditions that arise from conditions other than injuries to the hip. These conditions usually cause damage to the blood vessels. Examples of such conditions include long-term use of medications such as steroids, prolonged or frequent diving, excessive intake of alcohol, and/or other pre-existing medical conditions such as sickle cell disease.

Do I have avascular necrosis?

Avascular necrosis usually occurs in stages, with patients in the earliest stages usually pain-free. However, as the disease progresses, you may start to experience pain in the groin region. At first, it may only hurt after you walk on the affected leg, but it may progress to pain even at rest.

In addition, you may also experience a more limited range of motion and may find yourself limping.

In severe cases of avascular necrosis, and if treatment is not sought, it may lead to the bone collapsing entirely and may result in severe osteoarthritis.

How is avascular necrosis diagnosed?

If your doctor suspects that you may have developed avascular necrosis, he or she might use one or more of the following methods to confirm the diagnosis:

  • History taking to gather information about any pre-existing medical conditions, as well as to better understand the patient’s current symptoms.
  • Physical examination of the joints and examination of the patient’s range of motion and gait.
  • Diagnostic imaging (Bone scans, MRI and / or CT scans, X-rays)

Do note that the procedures of diagnostic imaging may involve the use of a contrast dye, so do let your doctor know if you have any allergies to the contrast medium.

Can avascular necrosis be cured?

In the early stages of the disease, with early appropriate treatment, it may be possible to cure the disease. Do seek treatment promptly if diagnosed to avoid more severe complications later on.

In the late stages, however, avascular necrosis cannot be reversed entirely, treatment options focus on slowing the progress of the disease and improving the quality of life of the patient. Your doctor will take factors such as age and severity of disease into account when deciding the best treatment option for you.

The treatment options (non-surgical and surgical) can be summarised below:

Non-surgical treatment options

Rest helps to minimise physical exertion on the joints. You will be asked to use walking aids as canes and crutches. Walking aids will help to decrease the loads passing through the joint, thereby relieving pain caused by avascular necrosis, and slowing the progression of the disease.

Your doctor may also prescribe you some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to help manage the pain.

Your doctor may also refer you to a physiotherapist for physical therapy for you to learn some exercises that will help to ease joint pain and increase the range of motion.

Surgical treatment options

In the early stages, core decompression surgery may halt the progression of the disease. Your doctor will drill holes (cores) in the affected area to improve circulation to the area. Sometimes, injections or bone grafts may also be used to promote healing of the bone after the procedure is completed.

Image is taken from https://orthoinfo.aaos.org

In the later stages, you may be recommended to undergo joint replacement. This is especially if there are features of osteoarthritis caused by late-stage AVN. Your doctor will replace the affected joint (eg hip/knee) with an artificial one. This procedure is said to be the most effective in relieving the pain and improving the mobility of patients with avascular necrosis. In the advanced stages of AVN, hip replacement is the best option for you to return to your activities of choice.

Image taken from https://orthoinfo.aaos.org

What can I expect after treatment? (Rehab and recovery)

If you have undergone a surgical core decompression procedure, you will require around 6 weeks to 3 months to fully recover from the surgery. During a follow-up appointment, sutures are usually removed by your doctor. In addition, your doctor will also check your bones using diagnostic imaging (X-rays) to see if they are healing effectively. You may also be placed on crutches to aid your mobility for around 6 to 8 weeks immediately after the surgery. If you have undergone a joint replacement procedure, you will also require around 3 to 6months to recover fully. Your doctor will also schedule follow-up appointments to check in on your status around six to twelve weeks after the surgery has taken place.

In both cases, you will have to undergo a course of physical therapy as part of your recovery. The therapist will teach you exercises to improve the range of hip motion, as well as strengthen muscles around the joint.

For an assessment of your condition, please book an appointment with Dr. Yong Ren.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit ut arcu a dignissim suscipit non ac eget tellus in nisl mauris nec.

Author Image Link

Sarah Taylor

Obstetrics & Gynaecology